Question 1: Maria is a high school student who has an upcoming exam. She knows she should study, but she also wants to go out with her friends to a party the night before. Her Id tells her to go to the party because it will be more fun than studying. Her Superego tells her to stay home and study because she knows that getting good grades is important for her future. Her Ego is caught in the middle, struggling to make a decision.
How might Maria’s Id, Ego, and Superego influence her decision-making process in this scenario? What internal conflict might she experience as a result? How might she ultimately resolve this conflict? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
In Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the human psyche is divided into the id, ego, and superego. Each of these parts is responsible for certain aspects of one’s behavior. Although they depend on one another, these three factors almost always work against one another during decision-making. Each of them plays an essential role in the overall procedure.
Concept & Application:
Maria is currently a student at the secondary level of education, and she will shortly have a test. She knows she needs to study, but she also strongly desires to attend a celebration with her friends the night before the test. Her id, the most fundamental and instinctual element of her personality, advises her to participate in the festival rather than study because she will have a better time at the celebration than she will learn.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Id, Ego, and Superego that makeup Maria are all factors that come into action during the process of decision-making that she goes through. Her id and Superego both have inclinations that oppose one another, and her egos do as well. This is the cause of the anguish she is experiencing on the inside.
Question 2: John is a manager at a medium-sized company and wants to motivate his employees to perform better. He has heard of Maslow’s Need Theory and wants to apply it to his management strategy. How can John use Maslow’s Need Theory to understand his employees’ motivations and improve their job satisfaction and performance? What are the five levels of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy, and how can John identify which needs his employees are currently trying to fulfill? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
The enthusiasm of staff members is one of the most critical factors affecting the effectiveness of administration. It is easier for managers to cultivate a favorable work environment for their employees when they have a solid understanding of the requirements and motivations of their workforce.
Concepts and the Applications:
Maslow’s Need Theory is a motivational theory that Abraham Maslow first proposed in his paper titled “A Theory of Human Motivation,” published in 1943. Maslow’s paper was the first publication of its kind. According to Maslow, human needs can be broken down into five categories, collectively making up a hierarchical structure. The most fundamental needs are at the bottom of the pyramid, and the most advanced conditions are at the top. The following is a list of the five categories that are included in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:
Conclusion:
The Need Hierarchy Theory proposed by Maslow provides a valuable framework for understanding the variables that motivate employees. By analyzing the needs of his workforce and then selecting and putting into action the most pertinent motivational practices, John will be able to raise the levels of job satisfaction and productivity enjoyed by his workforce.
Question 3 a) Samantha is a 30-year-old business owner who has been working hard to expand her company for the past few months. She has a great team, supportive family, and loves the challenge of growing her business. Lately, Samantha has been feeling a surge of energy and motivation that keeps her going, even on days when she’s tired. She feels confident in her ability to handle the challenges ahead and is excited about the future of her company. What type of stress is Samantha experiencing? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Everyone is impacted by stress in their unique manner, although it is an everyday occurrence in our lives. It is a natural reaction to perceived danger, and depending on the perceived threat’s nature, it can be positive or negative. Being under positive stress is referred to as eustress, and it can provide benefits such as motivation, vitality, and excitement.
Concepts and Applications:
Samantha is going through a state of eustress called “positive stress.” The positive and stimulating effects of eustress make it a distinct subtype of the stress category. It provides a feeling of excitement, energy, and motivation in response to a positive challenge and acts as a response to a positive challenge. Samantha is thrilled about the expansion opportunities available to her business and is inspired to put in a lot of effort to accomplish her objectives. The fact that she is exhibiting signs of eustress, like an increase in vitality and confidence, is telling.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, a 30-year-old business proprietor, Samantha, is going through a state known as eustress, a positive form of stress. Samantha’s experience of eustress is a factor in the general improvement in her sense of well-being, causing her to feel more energized, motivated, and positive.
3b) John is a 35-year-old accountant who has been working long hours to meet the deadline for his company’s annual tax returns. He’s been under a lot of pressure to get everything done on time and has been struggling to balance his workload with his personal life. John is constantly worried about making mistakes and letting down his team, which has led to a feeling of anxiety and overwhelm. He’s also started experiencing physical symptoms like headaches and stomachaches. What type of stress is John experiencing? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
The experience of stress is something that we all go through regularly, but its effects on different people can vary greatly. One definition of stress describes it as the body’s reaction to any demand or pressure imposed on it.
Concepts and Applications:
There are numerous kinds of stress, and each has particular effects on the person experiencing it. Acute stress, episodic acute stress, and persistent stress are the three primary varieties of stress that people experience.
Conclusion:
Stress can significantly impact an individual’s well-being, and it is essential to be aware of the various kinds of stress and the effects that each type of stress can have.
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